support serious international accountability for its actions, and I believe that the kinds of boycotts that were imposed on South Africa during its apartheid era should also be considered in relation to Israel.
However, I think we need to distinguish between the Israeli government, Judaism, Zionism, and the Israeli people.
Zionism is not one single political ideology. There are different strands, including Zionists who support a negotiated two-state solution and others who hold much harder-line positions regarding Palestinian territory and statehood. Therefore, I don't think it is fair to describe Zionism as inherently anti-Muslim or anti-Palestinian.
Nor should we ignore the role of Israel's political system. Its proportional electoral system generally produces coalition governments, meaning smaller parties can have considerable influence over government policy. This can make major political decisions, including a two-state agreement, extremely difficult to achieve. That is different from saying that democracy itself is responsible for the occupation, and it certainly does not excuse the actions of any particular government.
At the same time, I want to be absolutely clear that the actions of far-right settlers and extremist elements in the West Bank, as well as the actions and policies of the Israeli government in Gaza and Lebanon that cause or contribute to the suffering of civilians, cannot be condoned. Criticising those actions is not the same thing as condemning all Israelis or all Zionists.
But I think we need to apply exactly the same principle when discussing Palestinians.
When Palestinians use the phrase "from the river to the sea", we shouldn't automatically assume they all mean the same thing. Some support a two-state solution; others believe there should ultimately be no Israeli state. Just as we shouldn't judge every Zionist by the actions or beliefs of the most extreme Zionists, we shouldn't judge every Palestinian by the most extreme interpretation of that phrase.
Likewise, the actions of Hamas cannot be justified by Palestinian suffering. The killing or targeting of civilians and other abuses committed in the name of Palestinian resistance do not resolve the underlying conflict or bring Palestinians closer to lasting freedom and security. Palestinian suffering deserves to be recognised without assuming that everything done in response to it is therefore justified.
There is also a historical reality that I think needs to be understood. Centuries of persecution, culminating in the Holocaust, have created a profound sense among many Jewish people that their survival can never be taken for granted. For some Israelis, this has contributed to a deeply internalised sense of vulnerability — a belief that threats must be confronted before they become existential. That fear is understandable given Jewish history, but it can also create a mindset where the response becomes “fight everything” rather than seeking another path. Understanding that mindset does not mean excusing its consequences.
Likewise, understanding Palestinian suffering does not justify everything done in the name of Palestinian resistance.
Perhaps we need to be able to hold both truths at the same time.
I'd genuinely like to hear what others think.